Bornholm, often called the "Sunshine Island" or the "Rocky Island", is a place filled with historic charm, spectacular scenery and cultural treasures. Located in the Baltic Sea, the island has a history stretching back thousands of years and offers attractions ranging from medieval castles to beautiful rock formations and idyllic sandy beaches.
In this article, we will briefly explore Bornholm’s fascinating history and share the best tips for attractions that make the island a unique destination
Bornholm’s History
From the Stone Age to the Viking Age
Bornholm has been inhabited since the Stone Age, and the island is rich in archaeological finds that bear witness to its long history. Stone Age settlements and rock carvings reveal a time when the island’s first inhabitants lived by hunting, fishing and farming.
During the Bronze Age and Iron Age, Bornholm continued to develop as a hub in the Baltic region. The island’s strategic location made it an important trading centre, where goods such as amber, metals and pottery were exchanged.
During the Viking Age, Bornholm was part of the Danish kingdom, and the island played an important role as a centre for trade and seafaring. Viking burial mounds, runestones and other finds tell the story of a rich culture and close connections with the rest of Scandinavia and Europe.
The Middle Ages – Churches and Power Struggles
During the Middle Ages, Bornholm became known for its distinctive round churches. These unique buildings, such as Østerlars Round Church, served as both churches and defensive fortifications. Built in the 12th century, they are among Denmark’s most iconic medieval buildings.
Bornholm was also marked by political and military conflicts during the Middle Ages. The island became a pawn in the power struggle between the Danish king, the Bishop of Lund and the Hanseatic towns, all of whom wanted control over its strategic location. Hammershus, Northern Europe’s largest medieval castle, became a symbol of this power struggle.
From War with Sweden to Modern Times
Bornholm played an important role during the wars between Sweden and Denmark in the 17th century. Following the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658, Bornholm briefly came under Swedish rule, but the islanders rebelled and reclaimed the island for Denmark.
In modern times, Bornholm has been known as an idyllic holiday island and a cultural centre. During the Second World War, Bornholm was occupied by German forces and later bombed by Soviet forces in 1945. The island’s dramatic history is still visible today through its monuments and museums.
Top Tips for Attractions on Bornholm
Bornholm is a true paradise for history explorers, nature lovers and food enthusiasts.
Here is a guide to the island’s top attractions:
1. Hammershus
Hammershus is Northern Europe’s largest castle ruin and one of Bornholm’s most iconic attractions. The magnificent medieval castle stands on a clifftop with spectacular views over the Baltic Sea. Explore the castle’s history and enjoy the beautiful countryside surrounding the ruins.
Tip: Visit Hammershus Visitor Centre for interactive exhibitions and a deeper understanding of the castle’s history.
2. The Round Churches
Bornholm’s four round churches – Østerlars, Nylars, Olsker and Nyker – are unique in their architecture and history. Built as both churches and defensive fortifications, they are among the best-preserved round churches in Europe.
Tip: Østerlars Round Church is the largest and best known, and should be on your list of must-see places on the island.
3. Dueodde Beach
Bornholm is known for its fantastic beaches, and Dueodde is among the best. With its exceptionally fine white sand and clear water, the beach is ideal for a relaxing day in the sun.
Tip: Climb Dueodde Lighthouse for panoramic views of the area.
4. Ekkodalen
Ekkodalen is Bornholm’s longest rift valley and a popular destination for walking. The area is known for its steep cliffs and unique acoustics, which create an echo when you shout.
Tip: Bring a picnic basket and enjoy the beautiful scenery in the valley.
5. Bornholm Art Museum
Bornholm Art Museum celebrates the island’s artistic heritage. The museum has an impressive collection of works inspired by Bornholm’s landscapes and light. It is housed in a modern building with magnificent views over the Baltic Sea.
Tip: Combine your visit with a walk along the nearby Helligdomsklipperne cliffs.
6. Helligdomsklipperne
Helligdomsklipperne is a series of dramatic rock formations along Bornholm’s coast. The area is filled with small caves, gorges and magnificent viewpoints, making it a favourite among nature lovers.
Tip: Take a boat trip from Gudhjem to see the cliffs from the water.
7. Svaneke – Denmark’s Most Beautiful Market Town
Svaneke, known as Denmark’s most beautiful market town, is a charming town with colourful houses, small shops and cosy cafés. The town is also home to Svaneke Brewery and a number of craftspeople.
Tip: Try the famous Svaneke ice cream or take a look around the local glass workshop.
8. Christiansø
Take a boat trip from Gudhjem to Christiansø, a small group of islands that forms part of Ertholmene. The island is known for its historic fortress and idyllic atmosphere. It feels like stepping back in time.
Tip: Spend time exploring the little paths and enjoying the island’s tranquillity.
9. The Rocking Stone in Paradisbakkerne
The Rocking Stone is a large granite boulder that rocks if you find the right spot to push. The stone is located in Paradisbakkerne, a scenic area with paths through woodland and rocky terrain.
Tip: Combine your visit with a walk in Paradisbakkerne to experience the beautiful scenery.
10. Gudhjem
Gudhjem is a picturesque coastal town known for its steep streets, smokehouses and artistic atmosphere. The town is also the departure point for boat trips to Christiansø and Helligdomsklipperne.
Tip: Try a classic Bornholm fish dish, such as smoked herring with accompaniments, at one of the town’s smokehouses.
Conclusion
Bornholm is a gem in the Baltic Sea, offering an unforgettable blend of history, culture and nature. Whether you are interested in medieval castles, art, dramatic cliffs or relaxing beach days, Bornholm has something for everyone.
Plan your trip and let yourself be enchanted by the island’s unique charm – Bornholm is an experience you will remember for a lifetime!
If you need further inspiration for visiting Bornholm, you can watch this video – 10 Experiences for Children and Adults on Bornholm
If you know Bornholm or live on the island, we would love to hear your thoughts and/or suggestions in the comments about other exciting attractions and experiences on Bornholm
